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Chatterjee, P. K.
- Modal Composition Variations in the Dalima Biotite Granodiorite Member of the Singhbhum Granitic Complex
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Presidency College, Calcutta, IN
1 Presidency College, Calcutta, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 8 (1967), Pagination: 142-158Abstract
Analysis of variance and polynomial trend surface techniques are used to determine the levels of variability and geographic variability, of five modal attributes and specific gravity of the Dalima Biotite Granodiorite. It is found that modal analyses from one measurement area in one hand specimen collected from one exposure in the pluton gives a reasonable estimate of that exposure, but that more than one exposure per one-square-mile grid is needed to estimate the variability within the grid. There are significant differences between the samples from each one-square-mile grid. The degree 6 polynomial trend surface maps of the modal attributes and specific gravity, based on149samples, represent good appraisals of the regional variability; there is good correspondence between the trends of primary foliation and the compositional contours of the trend surfaces. The structural evidence of the existence of two distinct intrusive units within the pluton is supported by (a) comparison of the cumulative frequency distributions of the modal attributes, and (b) the distinctive patterns of the individual trend surfaces for the two units. Compositional and structural evidences suggest that the western unit is the older of the two.
- Unconventional Non-Destructive Testing
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Ministry of Defense, IN
1 Ministry of Defense, IN
Source
Journal of the Association of Engineers, India, Vol 76, No 1-4 (2006), Pagination: 32-38Abstract
In early fifties of the last centum when the country was embarking on a system of planned economy and the first five year plan was launched, there was an association of two great minds-Chintaman Deshmukh, the then Finance Minister determined to foster creation of wealth, and Professor P. C. Mahalanobis devoted to augment productivity and tone up quality by application of statistical principles. Seminars and extension Schools were held in different parts of the country. The Indian Standards Institution (now BIS) brought out the specification IS 397 Parts I & II on Statistical Quality Control. Then the writer happened to be in a place called Katni near Jabalpur-where there was and still is an Ordnance Factory, producing among other things, machine die castings in non ferrous metals for ammunition components. It was imperative that the diecast components were sound and defect free. Tests on selected samples were not enough. Quality assurance demand was near zero defect. Radiography was one way out; but turned out to be prohibitively expensive; further the available radiographic unit was far off. Time was of the essence to maintain production and achieve productivity.- Dilute Acid Induced Changes on Microscopic and Tomographic Structure of Water Hyacinth [Eichhornia Crassipes (Mart.) Solms] Biomass during Bioconversion Process to Xylitol
Abstract Views :259 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 1Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur – 713209, West Bengal, IN
2 Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur – 713209, West Bengal, IN
3 Thermal Engineering Division, CSIR Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur – 713209, West Bengal, IN
1 1Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur – 713209, West Bengal, IN
2 Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur – 713209, West Bengal, IN
3 Thermal Engineering Division, CSIR Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur – 713209, West Bengal, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9, No 6 (2016), Pagination:Abstract
Background/Objectives: The present study was conducted on Water Hyacinth Biomass (WHB) to understand its anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, tomography and the response of dilute acid pretreatment under different parametric conditions on these aspects. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Leaves and Stems (petioles) of WHB were grinded to make a fresh paste. 8g of paste is soaked in 1, 3 and 5% of H2SO4 solution for 1, 2, 3 and 4 h under agitation of 130, 160 and 190 rpm at temperature of 30 oC, 40 oC, 50 oC and 60 oC and boiled for 15 and 30 min. Untreated and treated biomass were then dried and preserved. Findings: It has been observed under the microscope that there has been a prominent lysis in the cell wall, vascular bundles and several other tissues when the transverse section of young, middle and old aged ischolar_main, stem and leaf are soaked in 1-5% acid with agitation of 130-160 rpm for 1-4 h at 30-60 oC. To justify the reason behind obtaining higher yield of xylose sugar by acid hydrolysis, fresh WHB paste was treated with dilute acid with same parametric conditions which gave higher xylose yield. Treated biomass was investigated under Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and it was observed that the pretreatment alters the structural and chemical composition of complex structure of lignocellulose in WHB for rapid hydrolysis to fermentable sugars. Applications/Improvements: This paper represents the effect of hydrolysis on the WHB which is clearly evident from the anatomical studies in microscope and SEM. The biomass can be efficiently utilized for bioconversion into value added products after acid hydrolysis.Keywords
Anatomy, Hydrolysis, Lignocellulose, Physiology, Tomography, Water Hyacinth BiomassFull Text